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Understanding the Signs and Symptoms of Substance Use Disorder

Substance use disorder isn't diagnosed by how much someone drinks or uses. It's diagnosed by what the use costs them — and by whether they can stop when they decide to.

Here are the signs clinicians actually look for, in plain language, so you can tell the difference between heavy use and a disorder that needs treatment.

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The 11 criteria, in plain English

Clinicians use the DSM-5 criteria. Two or three signs in a year suggests a mild disorder, four or five moderate, six or more severe.[1] You don't need to score yourself — but recognizing the pattern is often what finally gets someone to call.

  • Using more, or for longer, than you meant to
  • Trying to cut down and not managing it
  • Spending a lot of time getting it, using it, or recovering from it
  • Cravings that crowd out everything else
  • Use interfering with work, school or home
  • Continuing despite relationship problems it's causing
  • Giving up activities you used to care about
  • Using in situations that put you in danger
  • Continuing even though it's making a physical or mental health problem worse
  • Tolerance — needing more for the same effect
  • Withdrawal — feeling sick without it

What families notice first

Families rarely see the criteria. They see a change in the person — and they often talk themselves out of it for months.

  • Money: cash disappearing, unexplained transfers, borrowed money that doesn't come back, sold belongings
  • Time: long gaps, new friends nobody's met, disappearing at odd hours
  • Sleep and appearance: flipped schedule, weight change, neglected hygiene, marks or wounds
  • Mood: irritability, secrecy, defensiveness at ordinary questions, flat affect
  • Function: missed shifts, slipping grades, a DUI, a warning at work
  • Physical signs: small pupils and nodding (opioids), shakes and morning drinking (alcohol), long awake stretches and weight loss (stimulants)

Overdose warning signs — unresponsive, slow or stopped breathing, blue lips — mean call 911 and give naloxone if you have it. Pennsylvania's Good Samaritan law protects people who call for help.

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Substance use rarely travels alone

Around half of people with a substance use disorder also have a mental illness, and vice versa.[2] Anxiety, depression, PTSD, ADHD and bipolar disorder are the ones we see most often — and treating only one side is why so many people cycle in and out of treatment.

That's what our dual diagnosis track exists for: psychiatric care and trauma-informed therapy running alongside substance use treatment, in the same program, with the same team.

How to raise it without a fight

  • Pick a sober, quiet moment — not mid-argument, not mid-use
  • Describe what you've seen, not what you've concluded: "You've missed three shifts and you weren't home Tuesday"
  • Say what you're afraid of, once, plainly
  • Bring an option, not an ultimatum: an evaluation appointment, a phone number, a ride
  • Expect denial the first time. Raising it is not a one-off event.
  • Read our family guide to addiction evaluations before you start

Getting an honest assessment

An evaluation is a conversation, not a test you can fail. Ours takes about an hour and ends with a clear recommendation — including telling you when you don't need what we offer.

  • Drug and alcohol evaluations, including for court and DUI matters
  • PHP — about six hours a day, five days a week
  • IOP — 9–15 hours a week, day, evening or virtual statewide
  • Detox or residential first when that's what's needed, coordinated with trusted partners
  • Benefits verified before you commit — see insurance
  • Or start with the free level-of-care quiz, no phone number required

Choose the right schedule

Levels of care for substance use disorder treatment

Start with the support you need now, then step down as recovery becomes more stable.

About 6 hours a day · 5 days a week

Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP)

Our most structured outpatient level of care, with a full clinical day at our Phoenixville, Philadelphia or Avondale office while you continue living at home.

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9–15 hours a week · Day or evening

Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP)

A flexible in-person schedule for people who need substantial addiction treatment while balancing work, school, family or a step down from PHP.

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Secure online care · Statewide access

Virtual IOP across Pennsylvania

Clinically appropriate Pennsylvania residents can join structured groups and therapy from home without traveling to one of our three offices.

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Where we provide care

Phoenixville

2215 Kimberton Road, Phoenixville, PA 19460

Serving Phoenixville, Kimberton, Royersford, Collegeville, Spring City, Pottstown, King of Prussia, Norristown, Malvern, Exton, Downingtown and West Chester.

Learn about our Phoenixville office →

Center City Philadelphia

1026 Winter Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107

Serving Center City, Chinatown, Washington Square West, Rittenhouse, South Philadelphia, Fishtown, Northern Liberties, University City and the Main Line.

Learn about our Philadelphia office →

Avondale

1284 Gap Newport Pike, Avondale, PA 19311

Serving Avondale, Kennett Square, West Grove, Oxford, Landenberg, Coatesville and the Route 41 corridor of southern Chester County.

Learn about our Avondale office →

Virtual IOP is available to residents anywhere in Pennsylvania. Call (610) 233-4342 to ask which option fits your schedule.

Insurance accepted

Verify your benefits →

Don't see your plan? Call (610) 233-4342 — we'll check your benefits.

Need detox or inpatient first?

If you need medical detox or a residential stay before outpatient care, call us — we'll help coordinate placement with trusted partners and plan your step-down into our PHP or IOP when you're ready.

Common questions

How do I know if it's addiction or just heavy drinking?

The dividing line is control and consequences, not volume. If stopping is hard, or use is costing work, health or relationships, that's a disorder — and it's treatable at any severity.

Can someone have a substance use disorder and still hold a job?

Absolutely. Many of our clients are working full-time. Holding it together delays help; it doesn't mean help isn't needed.

Do you diagnose during the evaluation?

Yes. A licensed clinician completes a full assessment and gives you a level-of-care recommendation you can act on the same week.

My loved one refuses to be assessed. What now?

Call us anyway at (610) 233-4342. We coach families through the conversation, and our family sessions are open to you whether or not they've admitted.

Sources & references

  1. [1]SAMHSA — DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders. View source ↗
  2. [2]National Institute on Drug Abuse — Common comorbidities with substance use disorders. View source ↗

This article is educational and is not medical advice. If someone is in danger, call 911.

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